Quranic Groups: Makkī & Madnī - Dr. Israr Ahmad
The Quran is structured into seven groups, each with a central theme explored through both Makkī (early Meccan) and Madnī (later Medinan) verses. Each group presents one facet of the theme in its Makkī verses and another in its Madnī verses. The first group consists of one Makkī verse (Surah al-Fatiha) and four Madnī verses (al-Baqarah, Aal-e-Imran, an-Nisa). The second group contains two Makkī verses and two Madnī verses (An’am, A’raf, al-Anfal, at-Tawbah). The third group comprises fourteen verses, from Surah Yunus to Surah al-Mu’minun, with one Madnī verse (an-Nur). This pattern of Makkī and Madnī verses continues throughout the Quran, with each group building upon the central theme. Ninety-one verses are Makkī, and twenty-nine are Madnī. Each group has a core theme, and the Makkī verses explore one aspect while the Madnī verses explore another.
