Saltanat-e-Usmania Ka Tarikh - History of the Ottoman Empire

At the start of the 20th century, the Ottoman Empire encompassed the Middle East and all of North Africa. During World War I, the British instigated Arab revolts against the Ottomans, fueling resentment and promising independence in exchange for support. British figures like Colonel Lawrence played a key role in inciting rebellion, resulting in widespread destruction and the deaths of thousands of Ottoman soldiers, even within the sacred confines of the Haram. This period marks a painful chapter in history, as the empire, established during the era of Umar Farooq, was fragmented. The territory had changed hands previously, ultimately falling under Ottoman control, but its foundations were laid centuries earlier during Umar’s reign.

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